Intwari Zidashimwa z'Ingabo za none: Uburyo Insinga Zihindagurika Zigezweho Zikoresha Ingufu mu Kugenda mu Nyanja

Mu isi isaba imbaraga nyinshi mu bikorwa byo mu mazi, iterambere rya sisitemu zigendanwa zigoye—kuva kuri cranes zikoresha ikoranabuhanga kugeza ku modoka zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya kure (ROVs)—byateje impinduramatwara mu buryo bucece munsi y’amadirishya no mu bibanza: iterambere ry’ibikoresho byihariye Insinga yoroshye.

Mu Kigo Gikuru cy'Amato cy'i Burayi –Mu gihe ibyuma binini binini byo mu bwato biva ku nkombe bigenda bucece ku cyambu, ingendo zabyo zikaba ari nk'umukino w'ubuhanga, bake ni bo bafata umugozi w'ubuzima utuma bigenda neza kandi mu buryo buhoraho. Muri buri cyuma gitwara insinga, metero amagana z'insinga zikozwe mu buryo bwihariye zirazunguruka, zirazunguruka, kandi zirazunguruka buri cYcle, gutanga ingufu, amakuru, n'ibimenyetso byo kugenzura nta kabuza. Iyi nkuru irasubirwamo mu nganda zigezweho zo mu mazi, aho kwiyoroshya bitakiri ikintu cy'agaciro ahubwo ari ikintu cy'ingenzi gisabwa kugira ngo umuntu agire umutekano, imikorere myiza, kandi agire udushya.

Imiterere y'ubwato ishobora kuba imwe mu zibangamira cyane ibice by'amashanyarazi ku Isi. Ibikoresho bigomba guhangana n'ihindagurika rihoraho, guhungabana kw'imiraba n'imashini, ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, ubushuhe bwuzuyemo umunyu, imirasire ya UV, no guhura n'amavuta, ibikomoka kuri peteroli n'imiti. Ku bijyanye no gushyiraho amashanyarazi adahindagurika, iki ni ikibazo gihagije. Ku nsinga zigendanwa—inkingi ikomeye y'ibikoresho bigendanwa—ibikenewe ni byinshi cyane.

"Tekereza ku nsinga iri ku gice cyo hejuru cya radar, icyuma gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya telescoping bulk, cyangwa uburyo bwo gupima ubwinshi bw'amazi ku bwato butobora," ibi ni ibyasobanuwe.Kapiteni Alistair Thorne, injeniyeri w’inararibonye mu by’amazi akaba n’umujyanama."Iyo nsinga ntabwo iri aho gusa; irimo kugorama, guhindagurika, no gukururwa, akenshi mu bihe bikomeye cyane. Insinga isanzwe y'inganda yananirwa, igacika, kandi ikananirwa mu byumweru bike, cyangwa se iminsi mike. Insinga si insinga gusa; ni igice cy'ingenzi kandi gikunda kwangirika."

Imiterere y'Insinga Ihindagurika yo mu Gice cy'Inyanja

None se, ni iki gitandukanya insinga zubatswe ku bw'imisoro ikomeye nk'iyi igendanwa? Abayobozi b'inganda nkaHelukabel, Lapp Group, na Nexansbateguye imirongo y'ibicuruzwa by'umwihariko ku "gutwara ubwato," bibanda ku nkingi nyinshi z'ingenzi zo gushushanya:

Udushya mu kuyobora:Ishingiro ry'ubworoherane riri mu gufunga imigozi y'icyuma. Imigozi y'umuringa myiza cyane kandi isukuye cyane, akenshi ihuzwa mu buryo bwiza, ituma insinga igonda inshuro nyinshi idakomeza gukora cyane cyangwa ngo ivunike. Ku bijyanye n'uburemere buhanitse, umuringa wo mu gikombe ni ikintu gisanzwe kirwanya ingese.

Ubutabire bwo gukingira no gukingira uruhu:Aha niho intambara yo kurwanya ikirere itsindirwa. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo:

Ibikoresho byihariye bya PVC:Yakozwe mu buryo bworoshye bwo koroshya ubushyuhe, kudakoresha umuriro (ku bijyanye n'ibipimo bya IEC 60332), no kudakoresha amavuta n'amazi yo mu nyanja.

Polyethylene ifite ihuriro ry’imigozi (XLPE) na Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR):Itanga ubushyuhe buhamye, imiterere myiza y'amashanyarazi, kandi irwanya uburozi neza.

Polyurethane (PUR):Ni intwari mu gukoresha telefoni zigendanwa kubera ko zirwanya kwangirika cyane, koroherana ndetse no mu bushyuhe buri munsi ya zeru, ndetse no kudakora neza bitewe n'amazi.

Rubber ya Chloroprene (CR):Izwiho kurinda umubiri cyane, kurwanya ikirere, no kwihanganira imiti n'amavuta mu buryo bwose.

Gukomeza imashini:Ku bijyanye n'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukurura cyangwa guhindagura, ubudodo bwa aramid bukozwe mu buryo buhuriweho (nka Kevlar®) cyangwa ubudodo bw'imyenda butanga imbaraga zo gukurura zidatesha agaciro ubworoherane. Ibi ni ingenzi ku nsinga ziri ku byuma bifunga cyangwa ku binyabiziga biri munsi y'amazi biboshye.

Gukingira no Gutunganya Amakuru:Mu gihe cy' "ubwato buhujwe," insinga zigendanwa zikunze gutwara amakuru y'igenzura ryimbitse hamwe n'ingufu. Ingufu zoroshye kandi ziboshye, rimwe na rimwe zivanze n'icyuma cya aluminiyumu, zirinda amashanyarazi kubangamira (EMI) aturuka kuri radar, radiyo, na moteri zikomeye z'ubwato, bigatuma ibimenyetso bikomeza kugaragara neza kugira ngo bigenzurwe neza mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga.

Porogaramu z'ingenzi zituma abantu bakenera

Ubusabe bw'izi nsinga zigezweho buri kwiyongera, bitewe n'imiterere yihariye yo mu mazi:

Sisitemu zo Gufata Ibikoresho:Porogaramu igaragara cyane. Insinga muriimiyoboro y'insinga (e-chain®)Ku byuma bya STS, ibyuma bikurura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi bishyirwa kuri gari ya moshi, n'ibikoresho bitwara imizigo bigomba kwihanganira imikorere ya za miriyoni yo guhinda. Ubusanzwe bihuza ingufu za moteri na hydraulic hamwe na fibre optique cyangwa amakuru ya Cat 6/7 yo gushyira ahantu hakwirakwizwa n'uburyo bwo kumenya kontineri.

Umuyaga n'amavuta na gaze byo mu nyanja:Uru rwego ni ahantu heza cyane.Insinga zihindukayo gushyiramo ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe ku bwato bushyiraho turbine y'umuyaga,ibibyimba by'inkondoku bakozi ba ROV bakora igenzura n'isana ry'amazi yo munsi y'inyanja, ndetse n'insinga zikoreshwainganda zo mu maziBihura n'imimerere mibi cyane. Akenshi biba ari hybrid, bihuza ingufu, fibre optique, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'imirongo ya hydraulic yo gukoresha mu bikoresho.

Imashini zo ku meza:Igezweho, ikoresha amashanyaraziibyuma bifunga imipira, indorerwamo z'imbere, n'uburyo bwo gupfunyikabisaba insinga zishobora kwihanganira kuzingira no gufunguka ku ngoma, hamwe no guhura n'ahantu hanyura ibintu bidasanzwe.

Umusirikare wo mu mazi n'ubwugarizi:Ku mato y’intambara, insinga zo gukoresha ibyuma bya radar bishobora gusubizwa inyuma, uburyo bwo gukoresha intwaro, n’ibikoresho by’itumanaho bigomba kuba bihuye n’ubudahangarwa bwa MIL mu gihe bigenzura imikorere myiza mu gihe cy’ibikorwa byo kwihuta cyane no mu gihe cy’impanuka.

Ikoranabuhanga ry'imbere mu buryo bwikora:Ndetse no mu bwato, sisitemu zitwara imizigo zikora, ibice byimukanwa ku bwato, n'ibikoresho byo kubungabunga roboti bishingiye ku nsinga zoroshye kugira ngo bikore neza.

Amahame ngenderwaho: Urwego rudasubirwaho

Bitandukanye n'inganda nyinshi zikorera ku butaka, isi y'amazi ikora ku buryo buhamye bw'amahame mpuzamahanga. Insinga zikoreshwa mu bwato zigendanwa zigomba kubanza kuzuza ibisabwa ku nsinga zose zo mu mazi:

Umutekano w'inkongi:IEC 60332 (gukwirakwira k'umuriro), IEC 61034 (ubucucike bw'umwotsi), na IEC 60754 (imyuka ya halogen). Ibinyabutabire bidafite umwotsi mwinshi, na zero-halogen (LSZH/LSF0H) birasabwa cyane cyane mu bice bifunze cyangwa biri mu bantu, kugira ngo birinde umwotsi w'uburozi mu muriro.

Ubwoko bw'Icyemezo:Icyemezo gitangwa n'amashyirahamwe yo gushyira mu byiciro nkaDNV GL, Ikigo cya Lloyd's Register, ABS, na Bureau Veritasni ngombwa. Bapima ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ingufu za mekanike, amashanyarazi, n'ibidukikije mu buryo bwihariye mu ikoreshwa ry'amazi yo mu nyanja.

Kuribworoshyeinsinga, ibizamini by'inyongera birakenewe, nko gupima inshuro nyinshi (nka IEC 60332-1) n'ibizamini byo guhindukira, biganisha ku gushyuha kw'imbaraga mu isi nyayo.

Udushya twinshi

Inganda ntizihagaze neza. Gushaka imikorere myiza, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amakuru no kuyakoresha mu buryo burambye biri gutuma insinga zikomeza kwiyongera.

Ibiremereye:Kugabanya uburemere bw'insinga ni ikintu cy'ingenzi ku bikoresho bigendanwa byo hejuru, kuko bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu kugenda no gutuma habaho imiterere yoroheje yo gushyigikira. Ibyuma bishya bya polymer n'imiterere myiza ni ingenzi.

Igipimo cy'amakuru kiri hejuru:Uko sensor za IoT ziri muri mudasobwa n'uburyo bwo kugenzura mu gihe nyacyo bikwirakwira, insinga za porogaramu zigendanwa zigomba kuba zifite umuyoboro munini w'itumanaho, bigatuma imigozi ikomeye ya fiber optic ihuzwa mu mbaraga zivanze.Insinga y'amakurus.

Kuramba kurushaho:Ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho bishya bya nanocomposite bugamije gukora ibyuma bifite uburyo bwo gukata cyane, gushwanyagurika, no kudakoresha imiti, byongerera igihe cyo gukora no kugabanya igihe cyo kudakora.

Kuramba:Abakora ibikoresho birimo gukora ibikoresho birengera ibidukikije, birimo ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa n’ibikoresho bitagira icyuma gifunga amashanyarazi, bitabangamiye imikorere y’ingenzi.

Igice cy'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'ubwato

“Uko tugenda tugera ku mashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zikora cyane, uruhare rw’insinga ikora rurushaho kuba rukomeye,” ibi ni ibyavuzwe.Dr. Lena Schmidt, Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe ubushakashatsi n’iterambere mu ruganda rukora insinga zikomeye."Ni uburyo bwo kuvura imitsi n'amaraso mu gice icyo ari cyo cyose kigenda. Kwizerwa hano bisobanura ko umuntu akora akazi ke neza, umutekano, ndetse n'inyungu."

Mu nganda aho insinga imwe ishobora guhagarika ibikorwa bya miliyoni nyinshi z'amadolari cyangwa ikabangamira umutekano mu nyanja, insinga yoroshye yoroshye yabonye izina ryayo nk'intwari itaramenyekana. Guhanga udushya mu bikoresho no mu miterere y'ibikoresho bituma uko amato n'ibikoresho byayo bigenda birushaho gutera imbere no kugenda, insinga zikoresha imbaraga zizagera ku rugero runini—zigapfukama, ariko ntizimeneke, bitewe n'umuvuduko w'isi ya none yo mu mazi.

Hamagara LSTKABEL ubu ngubu kugira ngo wohereze ikibazo!