Ngā Toa Kāore i Waitangihia o te Rōpū Waka Hou: Me pēhea te Whakakaha a ngā Taura Ngāwari Matatau i te Nekenekehanga i te Moana

I roto i te ao uaua o ngā mahi moana, ko te pikinga ake o ngā pūnaha pūkoro uaua—mai i ngā kerēne aunoa ki ngā waka e whakahaerehia ana mai i tawhiti (ROV)—kua puta he hurihanga puku i raro i ngā papa me ngā whare pupuri waka: te whanaketanga o ngā waka motuhake Taura Ngāwari.

I tētahi Whare Hanga Waka Nui o Ūropi –I te wa e rere puku ana ngā kerēne teitei e rere ana i te taha o te tauranga, he rite tonu te tika o ā rātou nekehanga ki te kanikani, he iti noa iho te hunga e whakaaro ana ki te ara ora e āhei ai te nekehanga maeneene, pumau. I roto i ngā kawe taura o ia kerēne, he rau mita o te taura i hangaia motuhaketia e piko ana, e takahuri ana, e piko ana hoki me ia cYcte tuku hiko, raraunga, me ngā tohu whakahaere me te kore e rahua. Ka tāruatia tēnei āhuatanga puta noa i te umanga moana o ēnei rā, kāore te ngāwari e waiho hei mea papai engari hei whakaritenga matua mō te haumaru, te whai hua, me te auahatanga.

Ko te taiao i runga kaipuke tētahi o ngā taiao tino kino rawa atu o te Ao mō ngā wāhanga hiko. Me aro atu ngā taputapu ki te wiri tonu, te ru mai i ngā ngaru me ngā mīhini, te piki me te heke o te pāmahana, te makuku e kapi ana i te tote, te hihi UV, me te pānga ki ngā hinu, ki ngā wahie, me ngā matū. Mō ngā whakaurunga tūmau, he wero nui tēnei. Mō ngā taura e neke ana—te pou tuara hihiri o ngā rawa pūkoro—he nui ake te tono.

"Whakaarohia he taura i runga i te turanga radar hurihuri, he kaiwhakahaere papatipu karu, he pūnaha utu hapai i runga i te kaipuke keri," te whakamārama.Ko Kāpene Alistair Thorne, he miihini moana me he kaitohutohu."Ehara taua taura i te mea e takoto noa ana i reira; kei te piko tonu, kei te takahurihuri, kei te ahotea kume hoki, he maha ngā wā i roto i ngā āhuatanga tino kino. Ka ngenge, ka pakaru, ka pakaru te taura ahumahi noa i roto i ngā wiki, ki te kore he rā. Ehara te taura i te waea noa; he wāhanga nui, he wāhanga ngāwari ki te mau."

Te Āhua o te Taura Ngāwari o te Moana

Nā, he aha te mea e wehewehe ana i tētahi taura i hangaia mō tētahi mahi nekeneke uaua pēnei? Pērā i ngā kaiārahi ahumahiHelukabel, Lapp Group, me Nexanskua whakawhanakehia ngā raina hua mō te "nekehanga kaipuke," me te arotahi ki ētahi pou hoahoa matua:

Auahatanga o te Kaiārahi:Ko te ngako o te ngāwari kei roto i te taura o te ara iahiko. Ko ngā aho parahi tino pai, tino parakore, he maha ngā wā ka honoa ki ngā tauira kua arotauhia, ka taea te piko tonu i te taura me te kore e whakapakeketia, e whati rānei. Mō ngā ōwehenga kaha-ki-taumaha teitei ake, he tata noa te parahi tine hei ātete ki te waikura.

Te Matū Whakamarumaru me te Hiri:Koinei te wāhi e toa ai te pakanga ki ngā āhuatanga o te rangi. Ko ngā rauemi noa ko:

Ngā Pūhui PVC Motuhake:I hangaia mō te ngāwari ki te pāmahana iti, te ātete ki te mura (e ai ki ngā paerewa IEC 60332 tino pakari), me te ātete ki ngā hinu me te wai moana.

Polyethylene Hononga-Whārite (XLPE) me te Rapa Ethylene Propylene (EPR):He tino pai te pumau o te wera, he pai ngā āhuatanga hiko, me te ātete matū pai.

Polyurethane (PUR):He toa mō ngā tono pūkoro nā tōna ātete tino pai ki te pakū, te ngāwari ahakoa i raro i te kore, me te ātete ki te pakaru i te wai.

Rapa Chloroprene (CR):E mōhiotia ana mō tōna parenga ā-tinana pakari, te ātete ki te huarere, me te manawanui pai ki ngā matū me ngā hinu.

Whakakaha Ā-Mīhini:Mō ngā tono e kukume tonu ana, e takai ana rānei, ka whakaratohia e te miro aramid whakauru (pēnei i te Kevlar®) me ngā whiri kakahu te kaha kume me te kore e whakaiti i te ngāwari. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā taura i runga i ngā winihi, i ngā waka raro wai rānei e herea ana.

Te Parepare me te Pono o ngā Raraunga:I te wā o te "kaipuke hono", he maha ngā taura pūkoro e kawe ana i ngā raraunga whakahaere tairongo me te hiko. He parenga whiri matotoru, ngāwari, i ētahi wā ka honoa ki te pepa konumohe, ka tiaki i te pokanoa hikohiko (EMI) mai i te radar, te reo irirangi, me ngā motuka kaipuke kaha, e whakarite ana i te pono o te tohu mō te whakahaere mamati tika.

Ngā Tono Matua e Whakatairanga ana i te Hiahia

Kei te piki haere te hiahia mō ēnei taura matatau, nā ngā au o te moana:

Ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Ipu:Ko te tono tino kitea. Ngā taura i roto ingā ara taura (e-chain®)Me tu atu ngā kerēne STS, ngā kerēne gantry e mau ana i te reriwe, me ngā kaikawe whiri ki ngā miriona huringa piko. I te nuinga o te wā ka whakakotahihia e rātou te mana mō ngā motuka me ngā waipēhi me ngā muka whatu, ngā raraunga Cat 6/7 rānei mō te tūnga horapa me ngā pūnaha tautuhi ipu.

Te Hau me te Hinu me te Hau o te Moana:He wāhi whakamātautau nui tēnei rāngai.Ngā taura hihirimō ngā taputapu whakapūmau i runga i ngā oko tāutanga tāpoi hau,ngā pitomō ngā ROV e tirotiro ana, e whakatika ana hoki i raro i te moana, me ngā taura i rungangā kerēne o wahoe tūtaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga kino. He maha ngā wā he ranu, he whakauru i te hiko, te muka whatu, ā, i ētahi wā he raina waipēhi mō ngā taputapu.

Mīhini Papa:Hou, e whakahaerehia ana e te hikongā wini, ngā matapihi, me ngā pūnaha hereme whai taura e tu atu ana i te takai me te wetewete tonu i runga i ngā pahu, me te pāngia hoki e ngā wāhi pītiti.

Te Moana me te Tiaki:I runga i ngā kaipuke pakanga, me tutuki i ngā taura mō ngā pou radar ka taea te hoki whakamuri, ngā pūnaha whakahaere patu, me ngā rarangi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero te pakari o te MIL-spec, me te whakarite hoki i te mahi tino pai i roto i ngā nekeneke tere me ngā huihuinga ohorere.

Aunoatanga ā-roto:Ahakoa i roto i ngā kaipuke, ka whakawhirinaki ngā pūnaha utanga aunoa, ngā ārai nekeneke i runga i ngā waka tere, me ngā wae tiaki karetao ki ngā taura ngāwari hei mahi.

Ngā Paerewa: Te Anga Kore-Whaiaro

He rerekē tēnei i ngā ahumahi whenua maha, ā, e whakahaerehia ana te ao moana i raro i tētahi pūnaha pakari o ngā paerewa o te ao. Me tutuki tuatahi ngā taura mō te whakamahi i runga kaipuke i ngā whakaritenga taketake mō ngā taura moana katoa:

Haumaru Ahi:IEC 60332 (horapa mura), IEC 61034 (kiato paowa), me te IEC 60754 (tukunga hau halogen). Kei te piki haere te whakahaunga mō ngā matū paowa-iti, kore-halogen (LSZH/LSF0H), inā koa i roto i ngā wāhi kua kati, i ngā wāhi rānei e whai tangata ana, hei ārai i te paowa paitini i roto i te ahi.

Whakaaetanga Momo:He tiwhikete mai i ngā rōpū whakarōpūtanga pēnei iDNV GL, Lloyd's Register, ABS, me Bureau Veritashe mea nui. Ka whakamātauhia e rātou te pakari ā-pūkaha, ā-hiko, me te ātete taiao e pā ana ki te whakamahinga moana.

MōngāwariMō ngā taura, ka whai wāhi mai ngā whakamātautau tāpiri, pērā i ngā whakamātautau piko auau (pēnei i te IEC 60332-1) me ngā whakamātautau takahuri, e whakatauira ana i te ahotea hihiri o te ao tūturu.

Te Pae Auaha

Kāore te umanga e tū noa ana. Ko te akiaki kia nui ake te whai huatanga, te kaha raraunga, me te pumau kei te hanga i te whakatupuranga taura e whai ake nei.

Te Whakamāmā:Ko te whakaiti i te taumaha o te taura tētahi o ngā kaupapa matua mō ngā taputapu nekeneke o runga, nā te mea ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao mō te nekehanga, ā, ka taea hoki te tautoko i ngā hanganga māmā ake. Ko ngā koranu polymer hou me ngā hoahoa kua arotauhia ngā mea matua.

Ngā Reiti Raraunga Teitei Ake:I te mea ka pahū haere ngā pūoko IoT o runga me te aroturuki wā-tūturu, me kawe e ngā taura mō ngā tono pūkoro he whānui ake te whānui, ka akiaki i te whakaurunga o ngā aho muka whatu pakari i roto i te mana ranu-Taura Raraungangā

Te Pūmautanga Whakarei:Ko te whāinga o te rangahau ki ngā rauemi nanocomposite hou he waihanga i ngā paparanga he nui ake te ātete ki te tapahi, te pakū, me te matū, kia roa ake ai te ora o te mahi me te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi.

Te Oranga Tonu:Kei te whakawhanake ngā kaihanga i ngā rauemi e pai ake ana ki te taiao, tae atu ki ngā hipoki hangarua me ngā whakaū kore-mata, me te kore e whakararu i ngā tawhā mahi matua.

He Wāhanga Hira mō te Ahunga Whakamua o te Moana

"I a tātou e anga whakamua ana ki ngā waka hiko aunoa, ka nui ake te mahi a te taura hihiri," te kī aTākuta Lena Schmidt, Upoko o te R&D i tētahi kaihanga taura matua."Ko te pūnaha io me te pūnaha tohanga toto mō tētahi wāhanga e neke ana. Ko te pono i konei e hono tika ana ki te wā mahi, te haumaru, ā, i te mutunga, te hua."

I roto i tētahi ahumahi e taea ai e te rahunga kotahi o te taura te aukati i tētahi mahi miriona tāra, te whakararu rānei i te haumaru i te moana, kua whiwhi te taura ngāwari whakaiti i tōna mana hei toa rongonui. Mā te auahatanga tonu o ngā rauemi me te hoahoa ka whakarite kia rite te mahi ki te matatau me te nekeneke haere o ngā kaipuke me ā rātou taputapu—te piko, engari kāore e whati, i raro i ngā pēhanga o te ao moana hou.

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