Izisombululo zeCable ezikhethekileyo ezisebenzisa amandla phantsi kwamanzi kunye nezicelo ezifuna amandla
Kwihlabathi elisebenzisana ngakumbi neliqhutywa bubuchwepheshe, iziseko ezithembekileyo zezona zibalulekileyo kwinkqubela phambili. Iintambo ezingangeni manzi, ezihlala zisebenza buthule kwiindawo ezinzima, zimele inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo yobunjineli, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuqhubeka nokuba kwenzeka ukuba iintambo zesiqhelo zingasebenzi. Ezi ntambo zikhethekileyo zenzelwe ukumelana nokufuma, uxinzelelo kunye nokugqwala, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo ezibalulekileyo, ukusuka ekuhlolweni kolwandle olunzulu ukuya kwizibonelelo zemihla ngemihla.
Ngaphaya koKhuseleko oluSisiseko: Ukubaluleka kweeCables ezingangeni manzi
Ngokungafaniyo neentambo ezisemgangathweni, iintambo ezingangeni manzi zenzelwe ngokwemfuneko esisiseko: ukuvalwa kwamanzi ngokupheleleyo. Oku kubalulekile kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi okanye kwiindawo ezimanzi rhoqo. Ukungena kwamanzi kungonakalisa kakhulu izinto zangaphakathi, okubangela imijikelo emifutshane kwanokusilela okukhulu. Ngaphezu koko, amanzi, ingakumbi amanzi olwandle, ayabola kwaye anokonakalisa ngokukhawuleza isingxobo seentambo eziqhelekileyo, nto leyo edala iingozi ezinkulu zokhuseleko. Iintambo ezingangeni manzi eziphambili zikwajongana nemingeni ekhethekileyo, njengokulunywa zizilwanyana zaselwandle ezifana neentlanzi okanye iimpuku—ingxaki leyo iintambo ezisemgangathweni zomhlaba ezingenzelwanga yona.
Ulwahlulo lweSisombululo: Iintlobo zeeCables ezingangeni manzi
Iintambo ezingangeni manzi zihlulwe ngokusekwe kwimingeni yokusingqongileyo ezijongene nayo:
Iintambo Zamanzi Olwandle (Ezaselwandle) vs. Iintambo Zamanzi Acocekileyo: Iintambo zamanzi olwandle zifuna izixhobo kunye nezakhiwo eziphucukileyo ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala okukhulu, nto leyo ezenza ziqine kwaye zihlale ixesha elide, kodwa zibize kakhulu kuneentambo zamanzi acocekileyo.
Olunye udidi olusebenzayo lunxulumene neendlela zokubhabha kunye nokusasazwa:
Intambo edadayos: Ezi ntambo zinobunzima obungaphantsi kwamanzi, nto leyo evumela ukuba zihlale phezu komhlaba. Zilungele ukusetyenziswa okwethutyana, ii-data buoys, okanye unxibelelwano oluvela phezulu ukuya phantsi kwamanzi.
Iintambo ze-Neutral Buoyancy (eziXhotyisiweyo): Ezi ntambo zinobunzima obufanayo nobamanzi, nto leyo evumela ukuba "zixhonywe" kubunzulu obuthile. Zisetyenziselwa izixhobo zesensor ezingaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nezixhobo zesayensi.
Iintambo ezibekwe phantsi (phantsi kwamanzi): Njengoko zixinene ngaphezu kwamanzi, ezi ntambo zenzelwe ukuba zibekwe elunxwemeni lomlambo, elunxwemeni lolwandle, okanye elunxwemeni lolwandle ukuze zifakelwe ngokusisigxina njengokuhambisa umbane okanye iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ezizinzileyo.
Yenzelwe Ukuqina: Ulwakhiwo kunye noYilo
Ukusebenza kwazo kakuhle emanzini kuvela kuyilo olucokisekileyo kunye nokhuseleko oluneeleya ezininzi. Izinto ezibalulekileyo zokwakha ziquka:
Umaleko wokuthintela amanzi nge-radial: I-sheath yangaphandle enoxinano olukhulu, engangeni manzi (eyenziwe nge-polyethylene okanye i-polyurethane ekhethekileyo) isebenza njengomgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela, ithintela amanzi ukuba angangeni kwicandelo elinqamlezileyo lentambo.
Umaleko wokuthintela amanzi e-longitudinal: Nokuba i-sheath yonakele, umqobo wangaphakathi uthintela amanzi ukuba angahambi ecaleni kwe-cable core. Oku kufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa ii-tapes, ii-powders, okanye ii-gels ezivuvukala emanzini ezithi xa zidibana nokufuma, zivale izithuba zangaphakathi.
Ukhuseleko lwe-conductor erhabaxa: Ii-conductors ze-copper ezifakwe kwi-tin zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukumelana nokugqwala. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokukhusela kuqinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide kwiindawo ezifumileyo.
Ukhuselo oluphuculweyo kunye nokukhusela: Ukuze kujongwane nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nokubonelela ngokumelana okukhulu nokukhukuliseka kokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokukrala, ezi ntambo zihlala zisebenzisa umaleko wesinyithi ophucukileyo okanye oxhonyiweyo kuneentambo eziqhelekileyo.
Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo: Indibaniselwano egqibeleleyo yobuchule kunye nemfuno
Ukusetyenziswa kweentambo ezingangeni manzi kubanzi kwaye kuyakhula:
Ulwandle nolwandle: Iintambo zonxibelelwano/umbane ezisetyenziswa phantsi kolwandle, iintambo ze-umbilical zezithuthi ezisebenza kude (ROV), iintambo zebhodi yenqanawa, kunye noqhagamshelo lwegridi yomoya ephuma ngaphandle kolwandle. Imizi-mveliso kunye nangaphandle: Izixhobo zokucoca amanzi amdaka, izibane ze-LED zangaphandle, imisebenzi yokwemba kwiindawo ezifumileyo, kunye noomatshini abazenzekelayo kwishishini lokutya/lesiselo abafuna ukuhlamba rhoqo.
Amandla Amatsha kunye neeMoto: Iinkqubo ze-Photovoltaic ezichatshazelwe yimozulu embi, Intambo yokutshaja iMoto yoMbanes (ezifuna izihlanganisi ezinezinga eliphezulu lokhuseleko lwe-IP ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle), kunye neentambo zangaphakathi kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu.
Iziseko zophuhliso: Iintambo ezingcwatyelweyo, iingcingo zepompo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi, iingcingo zezixhobo zomthombo kunye nedama lokuqubha, kunye neenkqubo zokujonga ibhulorho okanye imisele.
Umahluko ucacile: Nakweyiphi na inkqubo yokuhambisa umbane okanye idatha evezwe emanzini, iintambo ezingangeni manzi azinyanzelekanga, kodwa zibalulekile. Izixhobo zabo eziphambili, iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezintsonkothileyo, kunye novavanyo oluqatha zithethelela utyalo-mali oluphezulu, kodwa ukuthembeka okungenakuthelekiswa nanto, ukhuseleko, kunye nobomi obude buhlawulela oku. Njengoko siqhubeka sityhala imida yetekhnoloji ukuya elwandle kwaye sakha iziseko ezikrelekrele neziqinileyo emhlabeni, iintambo ezingangeni manzi ziya kuqhubeka ziyindlela ebalulekileyo, engakhange idunyiswe yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha zanamhlanje.